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Symbolism in A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor

Use of Symbolism in A Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor A Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor is a short story that depicts a familys vacation to Florida that turned into an abysmal tragedy when they met with the Misfit, a convict who escaped from prison. This story is meant to be interpreted as a parable, whereby OConnor made skilful use of symbolism to bring about messages such as the class-consciousness and the lack of spiritual faith that exist amongst human. In this part of the essay, I will show how OConnor made use of symbolism through her characters to symbolise an abstraction of class-consciousness. The issues of class consciousness was brought up through the rounded character of the†¦show more content†¦In contrast, the grandmother states that the blacks did not have things like the whites do (p.2118), putting the blacks down infront of her grandchildren, associating the blacks with poverty. We see how the grandmother fails to treat the blacks equally as human, solely because of their social status, as she perceives them merely as an inanimate object - a picture. Apart from using the protagonist, OConnor also used another character, June Star, the spoiled and stuck-up grand-daughter, to symbolise the class-consciousness that exist even in the younger generation, especially at a young age. We see June Star giving a rude comment, looking down at the lower-class whites by claiming that she will not live in a broken-down place for a million bucks (p.2119) when asked by Red Sams wife if June Star would like to be her little girl. It is also interesting to note that OConnor highlights her concerns of the fact that social discrimination is beginning to spread even from people of the same community, that is, among the whites themselves. The little girl also depicts her class-consciousness in the story when she commented on her refusal to marry a man that will only bring her a watermelon on Saturday (p.2118). Even at a near-death situation, June Star commented that she does not want to hold hands with Hiram as he reminds her of a pig (p.2125). Just l ike her grandmother, they are so concerned about status or class of people around them that they fail toShow MoreRelated Symbolism in A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor1967 Words   |  8 Pages in A Good Man Is Hard to Find Flannery O Connor uses symbolism to give more meaning to her short story. OConnor writes a story of a Grandmother versus a Misfit, or good versus evil. This short story is about a family going to Florida, who takes a turn down a dirt road, which only causes them to get in an accident, and be found by the Misfit. This encounter prevented them from ever arriving Florida, because the Misfit ends their lives. Using symbolism, OConnor creates a story with much meaningRead MoreGood vs. Evil in â€Å"a Good Man Is Hard to Find† Essay1052 Words   |  5 PagesGood vs. Evil in â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† Flannery O’Connor shows her readers a realistic look at their own mortality in â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find.† The story is about a family of five, a father, mother, grandmother, and two children, starting out on a vacation to Florida from Georgia. The family, on their way to a routine vacation, takes a detour that will change their lives forever. Through the use of literary elements like symbolism and characterization, O’Connor creates a theme ofRead MoreEssay about Religious Symbolism in A Good Man Is Hard to Find1243 Words   |  5 PagesReligious Symbolism in the Grandmother and the Misfit Flannery O’Connor has long been criticized for her blatant incorporation of religious symbols into sinister, dark stories. In the short story â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard To Find,† the dark and apathetic Misfit is said to portray, in an allegorical sense, a Christ-like figure. However, through the interpretation of the inversions of divine characteristics, his repulsion of Christ’s very existence, and the denial of any powers beyond the observable realmRead MoreSymbolism in A Good Man is Hard to Find Essay1027 Words   |  5 Pagesstory â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† by Flannery O’Connor, is bombarded with symbolism. In short stories symbolism is the literary element that helps the reader depict the picture and actions in their own minds. Whether it be from characters’ names or the designs on the characters’ shirts, every detail in this story has a purpose. Flannery O’Connor was known for her strong religious background, Catholicism, and used her faith as the underlying message in her works. In the story, â€Å"A Good Man is HardRead MoreCompare/Contrast: A Good Man Is Hard to Find with Hills Like White Elephants917 Words   |  4 PagesCompare/Contrast: Good Man with Hills Currently, a plethora of outstanding stories have been written. What makes a story, though? The answer is the elements that the author includes into his or her writing, such as symbolism and imagery. Hills like White Elephants, written by Ernest Hemingway, and A Good Man is Hard to Find, written by Flannery OConnor, are just two examples of admirable work. Each writer incorporated plenty of elements to improve the story. Since the amountRead MoreEssay On A Good Man Is Hard To Find851 Words   |  4 Pages Review on a story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† In the story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† by Flannery 0’Connor, a southern family planning a road trip to Florida portrays the hypocrisy of the society through their actions and dialogues. Major question that rose in the story was what is considered good and how there aren’t enough good men left in the world.† A social science major with several courses in English, O’Connor is remembered by her classmates as obviously gifted but extremely shy. HerRead MoreFlannery OConnor and Her Southern Gothic Style1187 Words   |  5 PagesFlannery O’Connor, known for her original Southern Gothic style of prose has been titled â€Å"the master of the short story† (O’Connor). Her application of symbolism and the themes of Southern religion deem her as one of the most influential writers in American history. Born in Savannah, Georgia in 1925 and raised in the South, O’Connor was socialized as a member of the Catholic Church which pr oves evident throughout her writings. She studied journalism at the University of Iowa, but quickly migratedRead MoreUse of Symbolism and Foreshadowing in Flannery OConnors a Good Man Is Hard to Find943 Words   |  4 PagesThe Use of Foreshadowing and Symbolism in â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† When an author writes a story, he or she will generally use different writing techniques to create the piece. These techniques have the ability to turn a story into something truly unique, as they allow the story to unfold in it’s own way. In the short story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†, author Flannery O’Connor used the techniques of symbolism and foreshadowing throughout the entire piece to create a deeply captivating storyRead MoreEssay about Painting a Portrait of Death811 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Painting a Portrait of Death† Death is inevitable to all forms of life. In giving birth to a typical family, Flannery O’Connor immediately sets the tone for their deaths, in the story, A Good Man is Hard To Find. OConnor’s play on words, symbolism and foreshadowing slowly paves the way for the family’s death. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;OConnor begins to paint the image of death with her presentation of the grandmother. As the family prepares for their adventure the grandmother carefullyRead MoreFlannery OConnor Essay988 Words   |  4 PagesFlannery O’ Connor’s method of writing is extraordinary with the right amount of religion. She writes in a way in which the reader can easily comprehend. Nonetheless, let us first discuss her short story â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find,† in this particular piece of writing O’ Connor gives us a sense of irony and suspense throughout the reading. One can easily recall when the family was passing by the beautiful scenery of Georgia and the grandma had made a racist remark of a Negro child standing in front Symbolism in A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor in A Good Man Is Hard to Find Flannery O Connor uses symbolism to give more meaning to her short story. OConnor writes a story of a Grandmother versus a Misfit, or good versus evil. This short story is about a family going to Florida, who takes a turn down a dirt road, which only causes them to get in an accident, and be found by the Misfit. This encounter prevented them from ever arriving Florida, because the Misfit ends their lives. Using symbolism, OConnor creates a story with much meaning to the Grandmother, nature, sky, woods, their surroundings, roads, and cars to portray the constant battle between good and evil. In A Good Man is Hard to Find the Grandmother is a main character that symbolizes a savior. O Connor†¦show more content†¦The significance about the number of times she was shot is notable to be the second most important symbol in the story. â€Å"To insist at this moment of mutual revelation that the Grandmother is transformed into the agent of God’s grace is to do serious violence in the story. It is as tendentious as to decree that the bullets in her chest symbolize the trinity† (Bandy, 151). After the grandmother is shot, the story goes on to describe the Grandmothers face. When one thinks someone of being dead, the picture is a blank face. But in this short story it is quoted: â€Å"Hiram and Bobby Lee returned from the woods and stood over the ditch, looking down at the grandmother who half sat and half lay in a puddle of blood with her legs crossed under her like a childs and her face smiling up at the cloudless sky† (O’Connor). The smiles symbolizes the Grandmothers acceptance. â€Å"The smile on the face of the grandmother marks a victory over the grotesque in which the sublime is passed through to the reception of grace in a gratuitous act of love† (Raigor, 189). The symbolism with the Grandmother is very important throughout the entire short story, as is her role, and her death. Along with the Grandmother, her surroundings and natures symbolism take a big role depicting the theme good versus evil. At many points throughout the story O Connor points out different aspects of nature, such as the sky, the woods, and the fields thatShow MoreRelated Symbolism in A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor1038 Words   |  5 PagesUse of Symbolism in A Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor A Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor is a short story that depicts a familys vacation to Florida that turned into an abysmal tragedy when they met with the Misfit, a convict who escaped from prison. This story is meant to be interpreted as a parable, whereby OConnor made skilful use of symbolism to bring about messages such as the class-consciousness and the lack of spiritual faith that exist amongst human. Read MoreGood vs. Evil in â€Å"a Good Man Is Hard to Find† Essay1052 Words   |  5 PagesGood vs. Evil in â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† Flannery O’Connor shows her readers a realistic look at their own mortality in â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find.† The story is about a family of five, a father, mother, grandmother, and two children, starting out on a vacation to Florida from Georgia. The family, on their way to a routine vacation, takes a detour that will change their lives forever. Through the use of literary elements like symbolism and characterization, O’Connor creates a theme ofRead MoreEssay about Religious Symbolism in A Good Man Is Hard to Find1243 Words   |  5 PagesReligious Symbolism in the Grandmother and the Misfit Flannery O’Connor has long been criticized for her blatant incorporation of religious symbols into sinister, dark stories. In the short story â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard To Find,† the dark and apathetic Misfit is said to portray, in an allegorical sense, a Christ-like figure. However, through the interpretation of the inversions of divine characteristics, his repulsion of Christ’s very existence, and the denial of any powers beyond the observable realmRead MoreSymbolism in A Good Man is Hard to Find Essay1027 Words   |  5 Pagesstory â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† by Flannery O’Connor, is bombarded with symbolism. In short stories symbolism is the literary element that helps the reader depict the picture and actions in their own minds. Whether it be from characters’ names or the designs on the characters’ shirts, every detail in this story has a purpose. Flannery O’Connor was known for her strong religious background, Catholicism, and used her faith as the underlying message in her works. In the story, â€Å"A Good Man is HardRead MoreCompare/Contrast: A Good Man Is Hard to Find with Hills Like White Elephants917 Words   |  4 PagesCompare/Contrast: Good Man with Hills Currently, a plethora of outstanding stories have been written. What makes a story, though? The answer is the elements that the author includes into his or her writing, such as symbolism and imagery. Hills like White Elephants, written by Ernest Hemingway, and A Good Man is Hard to Find, written by Flannery OConnor, are just two examples of admirable work. Each writer incorporated plenty of elements to improve the story. Since the amountRead MoreEssay On A Good Man Is Hard To Find851 Words   |  4 Pages Review on a story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† In the story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† by Flannery 0’Connor, a southern family planning a road trip to Florida portrays the hypocrisy of the society through their actions and dialogues. Major question that rose in the story was what is considered good and how there aren’t enough good men left in the world.† A social science major with several courses in English, O’Connor is remembered by her classmates as obviously gifted but extremely shy. HerRead MoreFlannery OConnor and Her Southern Gothic Style1187 Words   |  5 PagesFlannery O’Connor, known for her original Southern Gothic style of prose has been titled â€Å"the master of the short story† (O’Connor). Her application of symbolism and the themes of Southern religion deem her as one of the most influential writers in American history. Born in Savannah, Georgia in 1925 and raised in the South, O’Connor was socialized as a member of the Catholic Church which pr oves evident throughout her writings. She studied journalism at the University of Iowa, but quickly migratedRead MoreUse of Symbolism and Foreshadowing in Flannery OConnors a Good Man Is Hard to Find943 Words   |  4 PagesThe Use of Foreshadowing and Symbolism in â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† When an author writes a story, he or she will generally use different writing techniques to create the piece. These techniques have the ability to turn a story into something truly unique, as they allow the story to unfold in it’s own way. In the short story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†, author Flannery O’Connor used the techniques of symbolism and foreshadowing throughout the entire piece to create a deeply captivating storyRead MoreEssay about Painting a Portrait of Death811 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Painting a Portrait of Death† Death is inevitable to all forms of life. In giving birth to a typical family, Flannery O’Connor immediately sets the tone for their deaths, in the story, A Good Man is Hard To Find. OConnor’s play on words, symbolism and foreshadowing slowly paves the way for the family’s death. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;OConnor begins to paint the image of death with her presentation of the grandmother. As the family prepares for their adventure the grandmother carefullyRead MoreA Good Man Is Hard To Find Short Story Essay720 Words   |  3 Pagesthat hindsight is 20/20, but if you pay attention and look closely, things occur every day that can give you insight to what tomorrow may hold. In Flannery O’Connor’s short story, â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find,† a southern family is taking a vacation to Florida, but the real journey takes place in the events leading up to their demise. Flannery O’Connor gives you insight to the end of her story by using foreshadowing. In the beginning of the story, the Grandmother disagrees with her son Bailey on

Story for English Exam Free Essays

Young killer The gunshot was still ringing in my ears as I ran to my bedroom. I shut the door and locked myself in; I couldn’t stop the tears from flowing, hitting the polished wooden floor like rain in a storm, more and more I howled. He didn’t deserve it even after everything he did. We will write a custom essay sample on Story for English Exam or any similar topic only for you Order Now Darren was dead. Everyone thought Darren was great, he always was a charmer. Every morning he would wake up and bring me breakfast. â€Å"Alright love? † he would say with a wink. I just loved him, he had a great smile with perfect white teeth, and his caramel skin was to die for. Rich, handsome and smart, Darren was my rock my leaning post when times were hard. Everything was perfect, we were perfect, the perfect family, Darren me and the two kids- Danielle and Joshua. All seemed well to everyone, but Darren started to change, he had a problem, a drinking problem. Darren would come home drunk each night looking for a fight, glaring about, he was a lion about to devour his prey. â€Å"Where the hell is that Danielle? † he screamed one day. Danielle walked down the stairs in a timid way, she knew what was coming. Darren was mad because Danielle didn’t finish the washing up. He grabbed her hair and dragged her to the sink screaming the house down with abuse. He kicked her and hit her until he grew tired, I couldn’t bare to watch. Darren was a monster. He repeated his â€Å"game† day after day. I wanted to say something I wanted it all to stop, but I couldn’t I loved Darren far too much, I was scared he would leave me, but enough was enough especially for Danielle. I had only one option I had to run, with the kids. I packed our bags, hastily throwing clothes into suitcases, blue, red, yellow, t-shirts, jumpers flying across the room as I tried to pack as much as possible in that short space of time. I got to Danielle’s t-shirt drawer and started to clear it when†¦ Clunk! A black shiny hand gun, rattled as it hit the floor. I stared at it traumatised, the death tool staring back. Questions were whizzing through my mind, why did Danielle have this? What was it for? Where did she get it from? Danielle was a good girl who wouldn’t even hurt a fly I just couldn’t understand why something so sinister was in her possession. After at least an hour of thinking in shock I decided to stop packing this issue was far more important than running away. I took a pair of Danielle’s green skinny jeans and placed the gun inside I wrapped the rest of the jeans around the gun and popped it back in the corner of Danielle’s drawer, couldn’t take the gun because Darren would find it so I left it there for a couple of days hoping and wishing that I could forget what I saw. Months had passed and Darren was back to his lovely self, he was buying treats for the kids and he hadn’t touched a single alcoholic beverage for at least three months, I was so proud of him. Everything was back to normal and even Danielle seemed back to the happy girl we all knew and loved, she even shared the occasional smile with her dad. All of that was to good to be true, as soon as I started to believe that Darren was a changed man he disappeared for three days, I would go to my bed and shed some tears praying to God that he would return, I would lay there night after night staring into the empty space beside me I knew what I was feeling it had to be loneliness and it was turning my heart cold. I cried myself to sleep a picture of the family tucked under my pillow being my only source of happiness. The next day came in a flash and Darren stormed through the door his eyes red with rage, he pushed passed me before I could say a word and he ran for the kitchen. Nobody knew what was on his mind. Ten minutes later he returned, but with a kitchen knife in his hand me and Danielle trembled in fear. He looked at me with no love in his eyes and grabbed for Danielle I screamed â€Å"NO! † and blood was trickling down fingers as I made feeble attempts to grab the knife. He had Danielle in his grip the knife coming closer and closer to her chest, my best efforts weren’t enough, I jumped up once more and nearly had the knife when. BANG! A metal bullet flew through the air and Darren fell to the ground the bullet sticking deep in his heart.. Me and Danielle turned to see a small sized silhouette holding a gun. The person turned around it was Joshua with a pair of green skinny jeans hanging round his neck. The gunshot was still ringing in my ears as I ran to my bedroom. A fact filling my head, that my son had murdered his father but saved his sister at the same time. How to cite Story for English Exam, Papers

Counselling free essay sample

A counselling case study which considers sociocultural issues.This essay is going to be looking at a fictional case study of a client, who is struggling with fear and sadness, from a counsellors perspective. The case study will focus on sociocultural issues such as culture, gender, race and sexuality and then I will consider how these sociocultural issues may be part of the reason for the clients distress and how important it is to address these issues in order to help the client overcome the fear and sadness they are experiencing. The core sociocultural issues this case study focuses on are gender, sexuality and race and culture. The main counselling approach used is the person-centred therapy and the case study is based on 22-year-old woman who is transgender who is mixed raced and suffering with major anxiety and panic attacks.Joanne is a 22-year-old mixed race woman living in Manchester, she moved to Manchester with her parents when she was 16, she previously lived in Sussex when her father received a promotion which meant them moving to a new city. Congruence Isabel : I would find it quite easy to display congruence with Isabel. I have the same views i. e. I would not terminate a pregnancy as myself being a mother, I know the kind of thoughts and feelings that Isabels would be experiencing about this issue. Empathy Sam; I could emphasise with Sam losing his mother, he feels like he has let her down and perhaps needs some reassurance and some one to understand how he feels. It would be easy for me to reflect back to Sam with some of is issues of guilt and loss, as at times, I too have experienced similarfeelings. 358 Words) Sam Answer to Question 1b Sam: I have chosen Sam because he appears to have lots of different issues to deal with. I would use person centred because most of his issues appear to fit in the here and now. This will benefit him by using the core conditions to deal with loss i. e. loss of bereavement with his mother his sisters loss for not having an healthy child and the up and coming Although the issues around having another child might be best dealt with in a more CBT approach, Im saying this because he has such fixed views about terminating the pregnancy if there was any deformity present with the child, i dont beleave that PCA would help as much. But by keeping within person centred, will help Sam to become fully functional again. By building an helping relationship of using an empathic understanding, and showing him unconditional positive regard and congruence, this will help sam to be able to explore himself and figure out for him self on how to be able to move forwards. 188 Words) The psychodynamic concept of defence mechanisms Answer to Question 2a ( i ) We have three major systems of our personality this is the ID, ego and superego. This is a way that we protect ourselves from things we dont want to think about or deal with today. When we suffer from anxiety this is when the ego creates a defence mechanisms to protect ourselves. We unconsciously have set up with in us defence mechanisms such as repression denial and projection Repression is an unconscious way of hiding uncomfortable thoughts. Denial is probably one of the most common known defence mechanisms. We often deny our thoughts and feelings and filter out data and content that contravene our self-image, prejudices, and preconceived notions of others and of the world. Projection is when we attribute to others these unacceptable, discomfiting, and ill-fitting feelings and traits that we have. This way we can disown these discordant features and then feel the right to criticize and chastise others for having them. ( 150 ) ( ii ) Intellectualization, is a defence mechanism of protecting ourselves from anxiety, by blocking our emotions connected with something we cannot confront. An Uncomfortable emotion we cannot deal with at the time. Sometimes we use excessive behaviour to avoid accepting it and reasoning is used to block out confrontations. This could mean also removing ourselves emotionally from what has happened. I used this defence mechanism when my Nan died, I couldnt face that, one of the most important people in my life had gone. Even at her funeral I refused to believe that it was her body in the Coffin. I did everything not to face it, it is a defence mechanism where I had to use reasoning to block out the confrontation, be it an unconscious conflict but I couldnt deal with these feelings at that time so. I had to remove myself emotionally, completely ignored as if to be irrelevant. ( 150 Words ) ( iii ) Repression: When someone uses the defence mechanism of repression, this helps keep information out of our conscious awareness. These memories dont disappear though, they then influence us in our behaviour. We may consciously force the unwanted information out which is known as suppression. The removal of some of our anxiety feelings and memories from our awareness, is believed to occur unconsciously. 3/ EXAM PAPER Paper Ref; P000179 I choose myself as an example of this mechanism, I suffered from sexual and mental abuse as a child, I believe that this is why I have suffered in forming and keeping relationships in my adult years. A natural defence mechanism repression kicked in as a way to keep me safe as a child, memories still appear at times. , I have had to have many sessions of counselling to deal with my past and feel now that I could cope with these feelings if they arose. (147 Words ) Answer to Question 2b I have chosen Jamie because he appears to have some dificulties accepting things relating to his childhood, which seems to be affecting his life with current issues, i. e. Involving him self and accepting his child having a disabilty. I beleave he could have been in denial and repression upto this point. Because most of Jamies issues appear to fit in the past, this is why it would be best to use a more psychcodynamic approach and take Jamie back to his childhood to deal with these issues, for him to be able to address his fears and wrong doings and move forwards. Jamie coming to terms with what he had done as a child, with bullying a disabled child and how Jamie had remembered his father saying it was not his fault, and that it was the father and son, who was at fault. Because of this, It also would be of benefit to talk about how his fathers values may have affected him, he may have conflicting feelings about his parents. Jamie also thought that people would always feel sorry for him having a child with a disability with addressing his issues these feelings may ease. (197 Words) Question 3 N/A Answer to Question 4a I see challenging as a way of helping a person confront there problems, to face up to and challenge themselves, away of moving forwards. It is a skill full tool because its how to do it without When challenging we need to be cautious, because it may come across has being confrontational, aggressive or hostile, which may hold back the client or even cause them to withdraw from the counselling process. We need to use challenging in a structural and helping way, giving support when necessary, this is to maintain a respectful and trusting relationship with the client. If we challenge too soon this could also trigger a defence mechanism. We have to listen carefully before we start to challenge, also be prepared to be challenged and also know what it feels like to be challenged. (138 Words) Answer to Question 4b Sam responded in the only way he knew best at that time. Although I believe he should have asked permission to have put his hand on Jamies shoulder, meaning he could have come across as being intrusive. I thought Sams response was acceptable, if he didnt no what to say, then he was best to say nothing, sometimes just someone being there to listen will help. He was there with Jamie, allowing Jamie space to express him self emotionally, showing him a response of being non-judgemental. 4/ EXAM PAPER Paper Ref; P000179 Sam listened to Jamie, even when he started to confide in him, about when he used to taunt a disabled boy when he was 11 or 12, Sam still stayed with him, showing that he was still there for him. I believe he responded showing his support by listening. Showed his concerns for Jamie, that he cared about his feelings. By challenging him, whilst supporting him, this will help to balance out the emotions. I felt he allowed Jamie to express his feelings and listened without being judgemental. (177 Words) Answer to Question 5 The benefits of respect for diversity with teachers and children in schools I perceive to be; I feel it to be essential to teach children to respect diversity because, it would create a respecting environment within school, with teachers and children. Children especially pick up on everything around them, so it is important for teachers to show the same respect for each individual child, for the child to then learn to respect one another. It is also important for young children to recognise their own uniqueness and for them to understand that their own individuality should be embraced. When children learn about the wide variety of people in the world and around them, this will influence the way that they grow and also what they will become. A means of developing into confident secure adults who respect and appreciate diversity or into adults who view others with disrespect and fear because of ignorance and the unknown, which if left, could turn into fears and suspicions, leading to anger, interracial, cultural and stereo typing which will affect schools, homes, places of work, turning then into places of misunderstanding and mistrust. Educating children about these differences will reduce young peoples fears and will replace it with curiosity and acceptance. I try my best to show respect for diversity, its taking a look at my own behaviour and what my opinions are, be it negative or positive, and knowing that my behaviour towards others will all have an impact on the people around me. I respect diversity and equality with all the different cultures around me, I respect people who they are and what their values may be, everyone is individual with their own unique qualities. I use this respect in my day-to-day living when meet people, being non-judgemental (296 Words) Answer to Question 6 The Model/Theorist I have chosen is Colin Murray Parkes – 4 Stages of Bereavement First stage being Numbness : Numbness forms a psychological and physical barrier which blocks out pain allowing the person who is grieving, to carry on with day-to-day living. Second Stage : The stage when the bereaved person can think only of the deceased and is unable to concentrate on anything else other than the person who has died, this giving a feeling of grief/pining the emotional response to searching. Third Stage : This stage is when reality starts to kicks in, when the person has to admit that searching is not going to bring that person back and pangs of grief start to subside. Anger in relation with the loss, loses strength, which is replaced by feelings of apathy and despair. He/she is then forced into accepting it, having to move on to survive. 5/ EXAM PAPER Paper Ref; P000179 Fourth Stage : Recovery: Starting to live again, while past thoughts and thinking are beginning to ease, therefore allowing the person to be released. Just because there are four stages does not mean to say, that every individual has to go through all these stages, some people may skip stages. I have chosen the character named Sam, with the loss of his mother. I believe Sam within the case study is in between the second and third stages, this being that, he is still searching, he still talks to his mother and has conversations in his head. He his wanting reassurance from his mother hes wanting to talk with her regarding having another child. He probably went through feelings of anger and regret, he had feelings of letting his mother down through other work and family commitments. (285 Words) Answer to Question 7 Jamies parents. It said that Jamies parents seem to have an harsh and rather judgemental view of life. Blaming todays problems on women and how they are selfish in wanting a career. It also said about women not having enough discipline with in the home and lack of respect for older people. They also disapproved of Jamies wife Keira, they referred to her has a university type, saying this, despite their own son having attended university. They even tried to put blame on Keira for Joshuas disability and refused to imagine any such thing could be at fault with there side of the family what would have caused this. This did have an impact on my attitudes, values, beliefs. I ask myself, â€Å"how could I form an helping relationship with people who have such different values and views on life, so opposite to my own†. I feel I would find it quite challenging at times, knowing that I had to show empathy and acceptance in what they had say, and be non-judgemental. Although challenging I would listen and may be by challenging them later on in the relationship would give me a better understanding on how they acquired these values. If it did start to affect me and the way I was thinking, I would take my issues to supervision, hoping to gain help with personal development on the skill of acceptance. coping strategies in accepting people with negative views. Its also about knowing my own limitations and when to refer. (250 Words) Answer to Question 8a

The Diary of a Young Girl free essay sample

Early yesterday morning, I saw that Cecilia Kang at the Washington Post had a story up about the years-long fight for white spaces entitled: Tech, telecom giants take sides as FCC proposes large public WiFi networks. It struck me as odd, because so much in the article seemed wrong or misleading. The main part about efforts to finally do something with the old TV spectrum isnt anything new at all. We first wrote about the FCC proposing this back in 2004 and have covered it a few times since. The FCC has been trying to use some of that TV spectrum for better, more efficient and more useful endeavors. Its been an ongoing battle that feels like its never going to end. The short version is that TV broadcasters got a ton of free spectrum many years ago (just look at how giant chunks of the spectrum chart belong to TV broadcasters). We will write a custom essay sample on The Diary of a Young Girl or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A big part of the move to digital TV was to force broadcasters to give up a chunk of wasted, valuable spectrum that can be turned into (among other things) some useful wireless services. TV broadcasters hate this and have been fighting it in a variety of ways. The latest version of this plan is for the FCC to do a multi-part, multi-directional auction process for a chunk of spectrum currently held by the broadcasters. Part of that auction would be to offer incentives to broadcasters to cough up the spectrum. And then part of it would be auctioning off whatever spectrum broadcasters agree to dump. Finally, part of it would also include designating some portion of the spectrum for unlicensed uses. All of this is ancient history. Really ancient history. So why is the Washington Post suddenly covering this? From the article, youd be forgiven for thinking that this is all new and that the FCC has plans for some amazing free super WiFi. Except thats not true. At all. Well, except the part that caught most peoples attention: that this would be about offering free internet service across the country. That part is new. And thats because its not true. You still need backhaul and service. Its just about freeing up the spectrum so that it can be used to provide service. The FCC isnt suddenly planning to get into the broadband service ISP business. Nor could they. Think of it this way: just because WiFi exists, it does not mean that everyone suddenly has free internet access if they buy a WiFi router at their local Best Buy. Nope. They have to connect that to a service. Same thing with anything being talked about here. More spectrum may be freed up for open use meaning more things like WiFi but there will still be service providers offering services over it in some form or another. Could some of them offer free service? Possibly. Just like you might get free internet access from your neighbor with open WiFi, who pays for his connection. But thats not what anyones really talking about. However, if you could be forgiven for thinking that this was new and amazing (and true), I dont think the same forgiveness should be given to parts of the press who ate this story up. Business Insider (apparently, without any benefit from any actual insider) wrote a breathless piece about telcos trying to stop the government from offering super WiFi. Except no. Others, who should have known better yet still wrote about it, included Popular Science (awful) and Mashable. Moving to the mainstream, newswire UPI picked up the story, taking some comments from FCC boss, Julius Genachowski, out of context. He was quoted in the Post piece as saying Freeing up unlicensed spectrum is a vibrantly free-market approach that offers low barriers to entry to innovators developing the technologies of the future and benefits consumers. But the confusion is his use of free. Hes not talking free service but freeing the spectrum so that anyone can offer services, like WiFi, over it without having to buy a license. Others similarly jumped on the story without understanding it at all. The Daily Caller talked about it as if it was some new plan, as did Fox. Similarly, you had ThinkProgress and Salon chiming in on the other side of the political spectrum. Thankfully, some spoke up in response, but even then theres still some head-scratching about this wh ole thing. Karl Bode, over at DSLReports, quickly questioned Kang about the whole story, and she claimed that the story was motivated by the new comments to the FCC from various players both in support and in opposition of the latest spectrum auction concerning white spaces. But again, the auction has been planned for a while and its not really about white spaces but adding existing white space rules to some of the newly available spectrum (more below). Theres really nothing new here, other than some comment filings about how this auction should go down, which add little to the discussion beyond whats been said already. Its the same players saying the same thing, but just in direct reference to the upcoming spectrum auction. Jerry Brito, over at the Tech Liberation Front, digs into the details and suggests that this whole thing involves something of a comedy of errors, with massive confusion not just over whats been going on with TV white spaces, or the new comments, or the upcoming spectrum auction but also with a completely different band of spectrum that Genachowski spoke about last month at CES.

Free Essays on The 1848 American Purchase Of Mexican Land

How Mexico Lost An Enormous Territory to the U.S. in 1848. Henry Polk was President of the U.S.A. from 1845, and was an imperialist. He wanted his country to expand by seizing Mexico's land. His goal was to try to make the States stretch from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Polk first offered 30,000,000 dollars to Mexico for California and New Mexico, but they refused. As relation between the two continued to worsen, it was in fact true that The U.S. had no real legal claim to those territories, and there were only seven hundred Americans compared to the 75,000 Spanish- speaking people living in the California and New Mexico territory. The Amerindians, of whom had a population of 300,000 in 1821, diminished when the Mexican government sold the church lands, at which they lived and worked in, to ranch owners. Amerindians were required to work under exceedingly harsh conditions, and 60,000 had died. By 1870, the population of Amerindians was only 17,000. The decision for Mexico to sell its land resulted in a war by the U.S.A. against them- President Polk decided that war was the only way his country could acquire the land. The 19th century philosophy included the idea that war was a way of solving a dispute, and whoever won it would obviously acquire what they wanted. Troops were sent to the land between the Nueces and Rio Grande Rivers. General Taylor was ordered to protect the Grande River. When in 1846, Mexican troops attacked them, war had commenced. Though Mexico believed they would win easily, they were greatly wrong. The capturing of Mexico city by the U.S. made them the conquerors over their enemy. In consequence, the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo was made in 1848. Mexico was to give up California and New mexico for only 13,000,000. It was the Manifest destiny that had started the war. U.S.A. now had what it focused on territorially, and thus Manifest destiny had been fulfilled. ... Free Essays on The 1848 American Purchase Of Mexican Land Free Essays on The 1848 American Purchase Of Mexican Land How Mexico Lost An Enormous Territory to the U.S. in 1848. Henry Polk was President of the U.S.A. from 1845, and was an imperialist. He wanted his country to expand by seizing Mexico's land. His goal was to try to make the States stretch from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Polk first offered 30,000,000 dollars to Mexico for California and New Mexico, but they refused. As relation between the two continued to worsen, it was in fact true that The U.S. had no real legal claim to those territories, and there were only seven hundred Americans compared to the 75,000 Spanish- speaking people living in the California and New Mexico territory. The Amerindians, of whom had a population of 300,000 in 1821, diminished when the Mexican government sold the church lands, at which they lived and worked in, to ranch owners. Amerindians were required to work under exceedingly harsh conditions, and 60,000 had died. By 1870, the population of Amerindians was only 17,000. The decision for Mexico to sell its land resulted in a war by the U.S.A. against them- President Polk decided that war was the only way his country could acquire the land. The 19th century philosophy included the idea that war was a way of solving a dispute, and whoever won it would obviously acquire what they wanted. Troops were sent to the land between the Nueces and Rio Grande Rivers. General Taylor was ordered to protect the Grande River. When in 1846, Mexican troops attacked them, war had commenced. Though Mexico believed they would win easily, they were greatly wrong. The capturing of Mexico city by the U.S. made them the conquerors over their enemy. In consequence, the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo was made in 1848. Mexico was to give up California and New mexico for only 13,000,000. It was the Manifest destiny that had started the war. U.S.A. now had what it focused on territorially, and thus Manifest destiny had been fulfilled. ...

British Colonialism In Daniel Defoes Roxanna English Literature Essay

British Colonialism In Daniel Defoes Roxanna English Literature Essay Max Weber in The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism claims that Capitalism â€Å"educates and selects the economic subjects it needs through a process of survival of the fittest† (Weber 154). Weber believes that there is a direct link between institutions and individual characters. In other words, one can say that Capitalism would not survive without economic men and also economic men could not maintain their social place without Capitalism. In the following the researcher tries to show that at least certain men and women, were swayed by the logic of Capitalism’s productive possibilities. Defoe was intensely interested in capitalist modes of production, efficiency and improvements and in the exploitation and expansion of new markets along imperialist lines that would favor English trading interests. Defoe was also interested in the politics of his time and in the social issues. Defoe was a mature product of the cultural process initiated by Capitalism. In ot her words he is a master over circumstances, over nature. He has the confidence, despite his mediocre birth, to comment on the social, political, and economic affairs of his day. In turn, Roxana was a woman, who, despite her reverses and her own mediocre birth, could entertain princes and kings. In the beginning of this emerging capitalist interest, and with the thirst of reform, Defoe was able to synchronize in his own life Capitalism’s vision of a new social order, of commerce’s role and change. All his novels are rich in content and context. Roxana has been called by modern critics Defoe’s darkest novel. Many critics have claimed that the greatest difference between Defoe’ last novel and his earlier works is Roxana’s greater gravity. Many critics described it as a novel whose primary concern is with the psychological nature of Roxana and Amy’s sin. Roxana has most often been appraised as a story of moral decay, in which the heroine progre sses from â€Å"virtuous poverty to corrupt wealth.† Roxana has also been criticized as a woman with a cynical attachment toward those who love her and whose rational self-interest places her as the embodiment of Defoe’s vision of a corrupt society. Roxana is a heroine who rushes toward material comfort and self transformation at the price of her soul. Roxana’s internal world of memory and guilt concerning her various sexual partners, the death of her daughter Susan at the hands of Amy, and the like, becomes the price Roxana pays for the control she assumes in external world of financial and sexual interests. In this aspect, two factors about Roxana should be emphasized: the nature of Roxana as a new economic woman caught between profit and spirituality and the issues of empire and slavery which were not only important in the fictional life of Roxana, but also in Defoe’s life. Considering the above mentioned remarks, some examples are traceable in the nov el. For instance, when Roxana discusses the dangers of marrying a foolish husband her remarks repeat one of Defoe’s favorite maxims about the nature of commerce, while also underlining the context of commerce’s international nature: â€Å"I was a Warning for all the Ladies of Europe, against marrying of Fools; a Man of Sence falls in the world, and gets-up again, and a Woman has some Chance for herself; but with a FOOL! Once fall, and ever undone; once in a Ditch, and die in the Ditch; once poor, and sure to starve† (ibid 96).

Evaluating Capital Investment Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evaluating Capital Investment Project - Essay Example If the firm is usually not attentive while making the capital expenditure resolution, the time taken by the project and the invested money are wasted. The main focus of the capital investment taken by the organization should largely depend on the selection of the right choices and procedures for its expansion (Rachlin, 1987).   During the evaluation and selection of metrics in a capital budgeting plan, for example, in a healthcare organization, it is vital for executives to be able to compare all the options using an objective yard stick, in spite of the cash flow mode that result with each objective. The Net Present Value (NPV) is usually termed as the effective model for capital project evaluation. In the health care organization, while focusing on the cash flow strategies, there are lessons examining the unconventional performances, for example, accounting rate of return and the discounted payback methodology (Harrison & Mason, 1996). There is a formalized procedure that is followed while determining the type of metric program to be used. This is usually to impact changes on several model compositions on the model outputs. The project that an organization chooses affects the business evolution, this is usually a result of several shortcomings encountered in the marketing of the organizations, for exampl e, increased competition, change of client’s predilections and the aging capacity of the organizational property. Sensitivity scrutiny is the most significant component of the replication experimentation, and it usually manipulates the models of formulations (Friedlob & Plewa, 1996). It is mostly used in the examination of the model behavior, through a general procedure that defines the model production variables represented in a vital aspect of model change. The value of several contributions of the models, are usually varied, and the consequential change in production is scrutinized (Goetze &

Recommendation MEMO to Darla Domke Research Proposal

Recommendation MEMO to Darla Domke - Research Proposal Example She believes that she will have a upper hand in her business The most appropriate step for Darla Domke to take when setting up the I’ll cook for you business is to establish her own in house advertising and not hire an outside advertising agency (Dunung 2010, p. 22). Advertising comes with a number of drawbacks. Thus depending on the decision that an individual has made to start a business it is important that they choose the most appropriate kid of advertising strategy that will meet their needs as well as that of their customers. From the pros and cons listed in relation to whether Darla Domke should hire an outside advertising agency or develop an in-house advertising agency, it would be appropriate for her to set up her own advertising agency that she will be able to work within her own schedule and incorporate a number of ideas that are within her area of competency (Pringle & Starr, 2006, p. 161). With her own services, she can use them to serve as her advertising strategy at the same time (Provost 2014, par 1-8). Establishing an in house advertising agency as opposed to the hiring of an outside advertising agency has benefits that include the ability to effectively save on time and costs as well as the ease of control of activities. There is room to make faster and informed decisions. One of the disadvantages that is normally associated with the establishment of an in house advertising agency is that most of the people in the business may not have the required experience and expertise (Kazmi, Batra &U Satish 2008, p. 64). For the case of Darla who is a qualified nutritionist, getting time off her regular office job will give her more time to prepare high quality meals. She will also make use of her skills and abilitities to ensure that the meals she prepares are healthy and of the appropriate quality. In addition, if she requires any additional personnel, she should ensure that they have the relevant level of professionalism,

A Comparison of Free

A Comparison of Freedom Documents Essay †¢ Throughout most of U.S. history, in most locations, what race has been in the majority? What is the common ancestral background of most members of this group? The United States is a very diverse country, racially and ethnically. Six races are officially recognized in the U.S. and they are White, American Indian and Alaska Native, Asian, Black or African American, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, and there are also the people of two or more races; a race which is called Some other race is also used in the census and other surveys, but is not official. Throughout U.S. history White Americans are the racial majority, with a 72% share of the U.S. population, according to the 2010 US Census. The majority of the 300 million people currently living in the United States are descended from European immigrants who have arrived in the past 400 years. †¢ What are some of the larger racial minorities in U.S. history? What have been the common ancestral backgrounds of each of these groups? When did each become a significant or notable minority group? Some of the larger racial minorities in U.S. history are American Indian and Alaska Native, Asian, Black or African American, and Native Hawaiian. Some of the common ancestral backgrounds of each of these groups are: Asian American-The U.S. Census Bureau definition of Asians refers to a person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent. African American- African Americans make up the second largest racial and ethnic minority in the United States. Most African Americans are of West and Central African descent and are descendants of enslaved blacks within the boundaries of the present United States. Hispanics and Latino Americans- Hispanic thus includes persons from Spain and Spanish-speaking Latin Americans excluding Brazilians while Latino excludes persons from Spain but includes both Spanish-speaking and Portuguese-speaking Latin Americans. †¢ In what ways have laws been used to enforce discrimination? Provide examples. These laws were intended against which racial minorities? Affirmative action of the courts and prison systems which discriminates against Blacks and Hispanics, gives them 20% longer sentences, targets their neighborhoods, racially profiles, weakens minority neighborhoods electorally, created the culture of fatherless homes as a reaction to the Civil Rights Movement, fills prisons with low-level offenders for petty drug offenses, with illegal searches and in some states; where those crimes have been decriminalized anyways and disproportionately targets minority youths in instances where white youths would be dealt with informally, which is masked by Affirmative Action which largely benefits white women and Jews anyways. There were also the Convict codes, which were used to put Blacks back on the plantation, the loitering laws, the Blogs Act which targeted Blacks and Mexicans for marijuana until it was realized whites use it more, the sentences disparity between crack and cocaine at a 100 to 1 ratio, the lynch laws and various others. †¢ In what ways have laws been used to eliminate discrimination? Provide examples. Did the laws work to eliminate discrimination? There are some laws and act that are anti-discrimination. 1) Age Discrimination Act of 1975 is a law which prohibits discrimination based on age in programs or activities that receive federal financial assistance, for instance, financial assistance to schools and colleges, provided by U.S. Department of Education. 2) The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) is a law that was enacted by the U.S. Congress in 1990. 3) The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 (Hart-Celler Act, INS, Act of 1965, Pub.L. 89-236) abolished the National Origins Formula that had been in place in the United States since the Immigration Act of 1924.

Teamwork :: essays research papers

Teamwork __________ is a sequence of planned activities designed to gather and analyze data on the functioning of a group and to initiate changes designed to improve teamwork and increase team effectiveness. Student response:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Correct Response  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Student Response  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Answer Choices   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Team enhancing. b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Team building.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Team structuring.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Team championing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  e.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Team structuring. Question 2 (1 point) Activities that support the group's social and interpersonal relationships are called __________. Student response:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Correct Response  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Student Response  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Answer Choices   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Maintenance activities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Functional activities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Task activities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Directive activities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  e.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Statutory activities. Question 3 (1 point) When a group's members believe that their participation and experiences are positive and meet important personal needs, the __________ characteristic of group effectiveness is being demonstrated. Student response:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Correct Response  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Student Response  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Answer Choices   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Task performance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Member commitment. c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Member satisfaction.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Team viability.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  e.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Team changeability. Question 4 (1 point) The __________ puts people into small groups of six to seven members and asks everyone to respond individually and in writing to a basic question such as:  ¡Ã‚ °What should be done to improve the effectiveness of this work team? ¡Ã‚ ± Student response:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Correct Response  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Student Response  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Answer Choices   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Statutory technique. b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nominal group technique.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Brainstorming technique.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Freewheeling technique.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  e.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Delphi technique. Question 5 (1 point) Which of the following descriptions about teams and teamwork is NOT accurate? Student response:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Correct Response  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Student Response  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Answer Choices   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the most notable ways in which work is changing is the shift from individual jobs to teams and teamwork.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In many situations, teams and teamwork are considered important, even essential, keys to productivity and quality of work life improvements.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Putting team concepts to work is a major challenge for people who are used to more traditional ways of working.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Visionary entrepreneurs, leaders, and managers recognize the value of teams and implementing creative work group designs.

Managing Diversity

â€Å"Consultant R. Roosevelt Thomas argues that it is time to â€Å"move beyond affirmative action† and learn how to â€Å"manage diversity. † There are a lot of issues that may be raised in this context†¦ Discuss. Compare â€Å"best and worst† organizations managing diversity. (Give examples)† Introduction Diversity is a subject that can be very powerful and emotional for everyone who deals with it, either directly or indirectly. Diversity topics deal with issues of being different and alike, inspiration and perspiration, sadness and gladness, privilege and lack thereof, culture and religion, tolerance and justice, and hatred and animosity. Diversity challenges and opportunities impact all nations around the world to one extent or another (Bahaudin and Jatuporn 2009). Human beings differ in age, social and national background, gender, sexual orientation, physical and mental ability, as well as religious belief and worldview. Diversity is a tough issue to tackle because it includes more than just race, gender, religion, ethnic origin or age. Every employee has a diverse background and a diverse set of beliefs. There is no â€Å"quick-fix† when dealing with an issue as complex as diversity. Valuing, managing, and supporting a diverse workforce can be done successfully only as a longer-term change process and one that must become the way we do business. Diversity People are not alike. Everyone is different. Diversity therefore consists of visible and non-visible factors, which include personal characteristics such as background, culture, personality and work-style, in addition to the characteristics that are protected under discrimination legislation in terms of race, disability, gender, religion and belief, sexual orientation and age. Research on organizational work groups, however, has focused on other forms of diversity including differences in age, education, firm tenure, and functional or technical background (Jackson et al. , 1995). Diversity in groups and teams is often portrayed as a positive force leading to effective functioning of the team. It is a source of creativity and innovation that can provide the potential for future development and competitive advantage. Diversity supposedly leads to greater variance in ideas, creativity, and innovation, thus generating better group performance (Cox, 1993; Jackson, May and Whitney, 1995). Diversity Management The term diversity management originated in North America, but has slowly taken hold in other regions and countries of the world (e. g. , Hays-Thomas, 2004; Kaiser & Prange, 2004; Nyambegera, 2002; Ozbilgin & Tatli, 2008; Palmer, 2003; Palmi, 2001). The following is a brief definition of the term: â€Å"Diversity management refers to the voluntary organizational actions that are designed to create greater inclusion of employees from various backgrounds into the formal and informal organizational structures through deliberate policies and programs. Diversity Management is a strategy to promote the perception, acknowledgement and implementation of diversity in organizations and institutions. Managing diversity is based on the idea that diversity opens up alternative ways of perceiving, thinking and acting and thus enriches the organizations. The globalization of business is a trend that makes diversity competency crucial for many organizations. Cox (2001) notes, â€Å"The challenge of diversity is not simply to have it but to create conditions in which its potential to be a performance barrier is minimized and its potential to enhance performance is maximized† (p. 6). Diversity management refers not only to those groups that have been discriminated against or that are different from the dominant or privileged groups, but to â€Å"the mixture of differences, similarities and tensions that can exist among the elements of a pluralistic mixture† (Thomas, 2005, p. 93). The concept of â€Å"valuing differences† is the cornerstone of the managing diversity movement. It translates questions of competence into questions of culture. Proponents argue that †Å"non-traditional† workers who fail to advance are not under qualified, just â€Å"differently† qualified. Ethnic, racial and sexual groups, the reasoning goes, each possess a unique management style that will enable businesses to succeed in the global marketplace. Diversity management is also crucial for sustainable business growth because the increasingly diverse public evaluates organizations on their diversity management. Diversity should be a priority in any organization, because people are and will be the major source of competitive advantage. Diverse workforce at all levels should be created and sustained, and the full talent, energy, and ommitment of all employees in meeting business objectives should be engaged. This will help in enabling employees to give their maximum contribution in meeting the company goals. Advantages of Diversity Management There are some advantages of diversity management, among which are the following: 1-It can create a competitive advantage in areas such as marketing, problem solving, and resource acquisition. 2-It shows how the organizations are cultura lly aware. 3-It helps to use the full potential of all employees. Disadvantages of Diversity Management. Despite the grand rhetoric of its advocates, there is little evidence that diversity management can solve the problems it purports to address. In fact, it may make them worse. As diversity programs proliferate across corporate America, group infighting has become a problem second only to â€Å"backlash† by white men. â€Å"More and more groups are going at each other,† says Morrison. â€Å"The women's group vies with the black group for promotions. † Best Examples of Diversity Management 1. Xerox pioneered the most powerful accountability tool in 1984, when it linked managers' compensation to their achievement of the firm's highly detailed â€Å"diversity goals. Since then, many companies have followed suit, including Palmolive, Mead and Prudential Life Insurance. 2. Two major departments at Hughes Aircraft lost 10 percent of their bonus pay as a penalty for receiving bad â€Å"diversity report cards† after they failed to hire and promote the requisite number of minorities. The next year they headed the list for â€Å"behavior modification,† having found people to hire whom they previously â€Å"had said didn't exist,† according to Dave Barclay, vice president of work force diversity at Hughes. 3. GE Electrical and Distribution Control are other examples for ‘diversity management. ’ The number of entry-level African Americans recruited and hired has increased by over 10 percent since 1982, and an increasing number have moved into positions of significant responsibility. GE has defined diversity as a twofold concept. First, diversity concerns understanding that the workforce will increasingly include people who are different. Consistent with this change is the recognition that a mix of people who are diverse ca n result in value added and increased productivity. Secondly, GE defines diversity as a comprehension process for developing and maintaining a workplace environment that results in the full utilization of all employees. 4. According to DiversityInc,—the leading publication on diversity and business, annually recognizes companies that exemplify meaningful diversity management through their corporate practice—Accenture has been named to the 2012 DiversityInc Top 50 Companies for Diversity list, rising to number 12, up from number 23 last year. This marks Accenture’s sixth consecutive year on the DiversityInc Top 50 list and its fourth consecutive year in the Top 25. DiversityInc also named Accenture as a 2012 Top 10 Company for both Global Diversity and Supplier Diversity. Accenture has demonstrated strength in the four areas measured: CEO Commitment, Human Capital, Corporate and Organizational Communications, and Supplier Diversity. 5. One of the most signification examples of ‘diversity management’ in Egypt, particularly in Alexandria is the Bibliotheca Alexandrina. The BA strongly believes in the importance of diversity, and it is becoming one of the concepts in recruiting new employees. The BA includes, among its 2500 employees, a variety of employees with different ages, gender, religious and ethnic backgrounds. There is a large number of women working at the BA, among which is a big number in managerial positions. It also includes foreigner employees and internships from all over the world. One of the main objectives of the BA is to serve the whole community, including the disabled people (children, young, and adults), who enjoy a variety of services and activities, and there is a large number of tailored activities for them. In this regard, the BA also opens its door and gives fair recruitment opportunities for the disabled. There is a number of employees with different disabilities (blind, on wheelchairs, hands congenital defects) who are working very efficiently to an extent that they compete with the other employees in a remarkable way, and sometimes they perform even better. The BA also provides equal opportunities to all employees on attending conferences and obtaining trainings and scholarships abroad. The BA, among other organizations in Egypt and internationally, is still working on including ‘diversity’ into its organizations; thus, it is working on increasing the number of the disabled personnel to reach the standard international percentage. Worst Examples of Diversity Management †¢Phillip Morris (PM) is one of the largest tobacco companies in the world and has nearly 75,000 employees. Women are often assigned to run human resources and corporate communications departments at companies where men dominate the management. Phillip Morris claims that the company is â€Å"always striving to broaden the diversity of our workforce and are continuously working to identify, hire and retain the best qualified individuals, wherever they are located or whatever their background. † No wonder they call him the Marlboro Man; nine board members, zero women. †¢Cameron International (CAM) provides equipment for the national gas oil industries. The company has 17,000 employees, eight board members, no women in positions of major responsibility. Seven senior executives are listed in the proxy – all male. Also, all board members but one is over 60 – a sort of reverse age discrimination. Conclusion The globalizing economy and the increase in the number of multinational corporations make diversity management a necessity for companies that want not only to survive but thrive during this time of economic, social, and cultural changes. Diversity management refers to the voluntary organizational actions that are designed to create through deliberate policies and programs greater inclusion of employees from various backgrounds into the formal and informal organizational structures. Diversity management, compared with its predecessors (equal opportunity legislation and affirmative action programs), is proactive and aimed at creating an organization in which all members can contribute and achieve to their full potential. The reasons for implementing diversity management include having to adapt to the new reality of a workforce that is increasingly diverse, doing the right and moral thing, and gaining a competitive advantage. The challenge of diversity management is to break the harmful cycle that equates cultural difference with social/economic disadvantages. Therefore, although the emphasis on the business advantage of diversity management is probably a good motivator for companies to enact diversity programs, it does not mean that moral and ethical missions should be neglected or overlooked. To overcome these potential limitations, diversity management has to focus on both enhancing profitability and fostering social justice.

Comparison Between Milo Horlicks and Bornevita

MILO BRANDING: Milo brand is the world’s leading chocolate malt beverage that can be prepared with hot or cold milk or water. Given its popularity it is a â€Å"must have† product for food service operators particularly in Asia, Africa and Oceania. Loved and trusted by parents and kids alike, Milo products offer essential vitamins and minerals: * calcium for strong teeth and bones * iron to carry oxygen to the body’s cells * vitamin A for healthy eye sight * vitamins B1 and B2 to help release energy from foods * Vitamin C to keep skin and gums in good shape.REF:(www. nestle. com/brands/allbrands/milo_foodservice). Origin: Milo was originally developed by Thomas Mayne in Sydney, Australia in 1934. It is marketed and sold in many countries around the world. Product availability: It is marketed and sold in many countries around the world (worldwide) (Ref :WIKI) Malted barley is one of the key ingredients that give MILO the unique great taste and crunch you love. It is naturally rich in carbohydrates (including starches and maltose), the preferred energy source for the brain, nervous system and working muscles.Including calcium, MILO contains 6 essential vitamins and minerals. Together with milk it is a nutrient rich drink for active kids. A glass of MILO and milk is: – High in protein – Low GI – Nutrient rich – particularly calcium where it provides nearly 50% of Recommended Daily Intake (RDI). REF: (http://www. milo. com. au/products/milo/) check this website below â€Å"DID YOU KNOW† PACKING: Package available, aging by replacing the old one with adding the interesting picture.Before this, Milo packaging only have their brand name, but nowadays Milo have been through the transformation by using faces of national athletes to attract more customers. Besides, Milo also has adding more colorful color beside of  their green color which is their main color. This improvement can attract children to drink Milo. B y doing this transformation Milo will be more up to date and can build loyal customer and as well as to be more different than their competitor such as Oligo Cocowhich are using the same green color for their packaging.Milo product enhancement Milo has realized and able to fulfill customer needs, so that they produce 3 in 1Milo from the normal powder Milo. This is for the customers that do not have enough time or in rush because they only need a short time to make it. This is because 3 in 1Milo already has added creamer and sugar for consumer convenience. Even kids also can do it by themselves because it already complete and they do not have to add anything. Add more ingredients To differentiate Milo from other product they have produce a healthy Milo by adding cereal in Milo Fuze.This Milo is very suitable for consumer that concern about healthy and on diet because cereal can avoid people from feeling hungry and contain fiber that good for digestion. Milo also contains a lot of nut rition which does notcontained in the other competitor’s product such as Oligo Coco. Oligo Coco is just a normal chocolate malt drink and they do not have nutrition such as Milo. (http://www. scribd. com/doc/26214574/15/Information-in-Milo-Packaging) HORLICKS BRANDING: Horlicks is the name of a company and of a malted milk hot drink.It is manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline and it is available in the United Kingdom, South Africa, New Zealand, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Jamaica, and under licence in the Philippines and Malaysia. Horlicks has been the most leading brand leading and the most famous healthy food drink brand across the world and as well as in Bangladesh. ORIGIN: Product Origin: product of England (check this not sure). PACKING: This gave GSK the thought of unifying the logo, packaging and designing across all the product categories of Horlicks.The new look and design have evolved from consumer research across the segments along with attributes of the brand. The e lements in the new design are: – * The ‘Wave’ on the packaging shows the ‘activity’ of a person * The visual of milk and wheat shows the nourishing capabilities of Horlicks * Blue and orange colours have been part of the Horlicks family for many years and strongly help to identify the brand * The new logo also plays a role in reinforcing the trust and equity of the brand among the consumers The packaging in a plastic jar instead of a glass bottle is a way to make the brand easier to handle and use.A uniform size and shape for all bottles would also help in reducing the costs of producing different sized bottles. Customer choice of Horlicks is higher than any other food drink. BOURN vita BRANDING: Bournvita is the name of a brand of malted and chocolate malt drink and manufactured by Cadbury country of origin: United kingdom UK. The brand has been an enduring symbol of mental and physical health ever since it was launched. This layered with the great Cadbury chocolate taste has made the brand distinct from other offerings.It is hardly surprising then, that Bournvita enjoys a major presence in the Malt Food market. http://www. cadburyindia. com/in/en/brands/beverages/bournvita. aspx Most mothers would get a huge sense of relief on watching their child gulp down a full glass of milk. But in reality, without Vitamin D, calcium is not fully absorbed from milk. Earlier, sunlight was the major source of Vitamin D for children. But today, as their activities are mostly confined indoors, the daily dosage of Vitamin D may not be fulfilled.The new and enhanced Cadbury Bournvita is specially enriched with Vitamin D, so you can depend on it to bring out the goodness of calcium in milk. Cadbury Bournvita, with the additional combination of vitamin C, iron and other essential vitamins and minerals helps multiply the power of milk. http://www. cadburybournvita. in/ Product: Cadbury India Ltd launched Cadbury Bournvita, a chocolate health drink in 1947 in India. But even before launching its new health product in the Indian market, Bournvita was one of the most loved chocolate drinks around the world.Brown because its brown in colour & Vita because it has lots of vitamins. Bournvita is all about. a nutritional drink which acts as a dietary supplement providing nourishment along with good taste & flavors. For today’s kids who detest milk in its pure state unless flavored, this is an ideal drink. It has its own unique flavor, and the taste is rich and full-bodied. So easy to prepare, just instant mix it into your milk. Even a child can manage this for himself when he is in a hurry to run off to play!Many children I have known just scoop up a spoonful of Bournvita fine granules into their mouth and crunch away happily†¦goes to prove its taste bud friendly value for kids. Ingredients: Malt extracts, sugar, cocoa powder, milk solids, liquid glucose, vitamins, Bourn Vitaaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s nutritional facts: 1) Gives p rotein. 2) Provides Vitamin A, Vitamin C & Vitamin B12. 3) Contains Calcium, Iron & Folic Acid. 4) It also provides our body with Niacin, pyridoxine, Riboflavin, & Thiamin which is very essential for the proper working of our nervous system.Price: Normally, price is the most important element in deciding the fate of any product. While purchasing any health drinks however, a housewife or a mother who is the ultimate buyer gives price secondary importance. She will carefully study the taste & nutritive values in the health drinks. I agree that Bournvita is one of the most expensive health drinks in the market (Rs. 101 for 500gms) but still due to its good taste & great nutritive values it has captured the majority of the market. Target Market:Brown HFDaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s target audience has always been kids who are in the age group of 7-15. Why a HFD targets audience in this age group? The answer to this is very simple. Most of the children in this age group have casual eating habits and milk is like a curse for them. This is were a HFD comes into picture the work ofA   HFD is not only to add flavor to the milk but also act as supplement whichA   can add nutrition to their child. The other advantage of having this segment as target market is HFD are mostly taken with milk http://mgmtfunda. com/marketing-mix-4ps-for-cadbury-bournvita/#

It Is A Team Project About Target Example

It Is A Team Project About Target Example It Is A Team Project About Target – Term Paper Example Target Introduction Originally known as Dayton Dry Goods Company, Target Corporation is one of the largest discount retailers in the United States with the company, whose stores are located across the United States, and other nations, offering differentiated products to their consumers. The company’s brand promises relies on providing exceptional products to its customers in an approach that delivers outstanding value, ensures innovation in customer service, and provided exceptional customer experiences whereby the company delivered more products to its customers who paid less (Target.com, 2013). Target faces criticisms regarding the company’s policy towards the living wage of their employees and other important employee issues that influence their performance (Bhatnagar, 2005). The failure to implement a policy that provided for a living wage, and another policy that ensured that the company enhanced their employees’ labor participation, are two factors that hi ghlight the poor working conditions that employees at Target face. In effect, it is important to discover the reasons behind the company’s poor working conditions. In this case, it is crucial to use Hertzbergs two factor theory, which identifies the factors that cause job satisfaction in the workplace while also identifying the set of factors that contributed to job dissatisfaction in the workplace (Sapru, 2008). On the other hand, the job characteristics model proposed by Hackman and Oldham (Fried, & Ferris, 1987) will be crucial in identifying how task identification and skills variety contribute to motivation while the model will identify how autonomy, as a motivator, leads to job satisfaction and performance. We propose the following hypothesis: Hypothesis 1: A Target employee’s task identity will be positively related to their work motivation. Hypothesis 2: A target employee’s low feeling of autonomy will have a direct negative relationship with their motiv ation and satisfaction.Hypothesis 3: The poor working conditions provided for target employees with have a direct negative relationship to employee dissatisfaction.Hypothesis 4: Employee’s being given stimulating work and feelings of achievement will lead to job satisfaction.ReferencesBhatnagar, P. (2005). Just call it Teflon Target. CNN.com. Retrieved from http://money.cnn.com/2005/04/20/news/fortune500/target_walmart/ Fried, Y., & Ferris, G. R. (1987). The validity of the Job Characteristics Model: A review and meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 40(2), 287-322.Sapru, R. K. (2008). Administrative Theories And Management Thought 2nd Ed. New Delhi, India: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.Target.com. (2013). Mission & Values. Retrieved from https://corporate.target.com/about/mission-values

Who is to blame Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Who is to blame - Essay Example GMOs are known to increase productivity and this can affect the way people will be able to access the food, both economically and even geographically. In today’s world, food insecurity comes in two folds. First, t has to do with lack of access. A lot of people (about 10% of the total world population) cannot access food because they don’t have food in their geographical location (Young, 2004). This aspect of food security is attributed to logistics that are supposed to help people access food. This happens to people even in the developed world. For instance, in the United States, there are those places which are referred to as food deserts due to the fact that they cannot access food and have to travel far to be able to access the food. GMOs can help to solve the aspect of food insect that is cause by geographical barriers. This is because it GMOs can be produced in region when the normal crops cannot be produced. GMOs are in most cases designed to be draught resistant and pest resistant. Because of this, when a crop is genetically engineered to resist draught and pests, this means that they can be produced when it was once hard to produce them. For instance, the arid and semi arid regions can now be able to produce food using GMOs which are drought resistant. This increases food security both forth actual people who are able involved in producing this food and also for the people who are the end customers such s those living in urban centers. While GMO enthusiasts look at how GMOs will increase food security in the word, those who are against GMOs look on the food safety issues. They believe that GMOs pose a huge threat to food safety. Although food security refers to the availability of food for everyone to cover their daily intake of calories, food safety refers to how consumption friendly food is (Jumba, 2010). While there may be enough food for everybody, it is

FOUR BASIC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

FOUR BASIC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Essay Example 2. Balance Sheet: The balance sheet, sometimes called the statement of financial condition, shows the financial condition of the company. It reflects both long- and short-term assets and liabilities of the company at a given point in time. 3. Cash Flow Statement: shows the cash inflows and outflows of the company. Cash outflows are subtracted from cash inflows to derive the net change in cash for the period, the statement shows how much excess cash was generated by the business after meeting all cash expenses for the period. 4. Statement of Retained Earnings: Also known as the 'reconciliation of net worth statement', shows the changes that have taken place in the company's retained earnings over the reporting period. How the total profit was used - to distribute among shareholders as dividend and how much was retained to increase net worth. Financial Statements report a company's past financial performance and current financial position. They are designed to provide information on four primary business activities: Planning, financing, investing, and operations (Bernstein & Wild, 2000). These statements provide an overview of a business' profitability and financial condition for the period in review and over along term through comparison with the earlier statements. All these statements provide the figures for the previous comparable period. For example the annual balance sheet will show the information of the previous year also. Presentation of the statements is so organised that anyone, studying the reported data, can readily determine what action should be taken, from that individual's point of view and need. Elements of financial statements are of two types; those that constitute financial position or status at a moment in time and those that represent changes in financial position over a period of time. Assets, liabilities, and equity or net assets describe levels or amounts of resources or claims to or interests in resources at a moment of time. All other elements - revenues, expenses, gains, and losses - describe the effects of transactions and other events and circumstances that affect an entity over a period of time. The interrelation between the two types of elements is called articulation: Each statement serves a specific purpose, and all four statements have an interlocking financial relationship.The two types of elements are related in such a way that (a) assets, liabilities, and equity (net assets) are changed by the elements of the other type and at any time are their cumulative result and (b) an increase or decrease in an asset cannot occur without a corresponding decrease or increase in another asset or a corresponding increase or decrease in a liability or equity. These relationships are collectively referred to as "articulation". They result in financial statements that are fundamentally interrelated so that statements that show elements of the first type depend on statements that show elements of the second type and vice versa (Carmichael, 2003). Financial statements of companies are complex documents and other essential information such as the comments of the management of the company (Directors Report); its Auditors certification that the accounts have been prepared faithfully and represent the true picture of the position and transactions of the company; and, a series of notes which detail individual

Politics and Equality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Politics and Equality - Essay Example Kelly Florence, to name only three, among many, who made it easier for women like, Nancy Pallosi, Hillary Clinton and Sarah Palin to compete with men in the political arena. Introduction: The quintessential concept of equality between the sexes is as old, as perhaps the Biblical account of Adam and Eve. She was made from the rib of Adam, by the Lord God, to be the consort and companion of the first man, so her subservience is but a natural corollary of the story. Theology apart, world history is also replete with instances of the lesser status of women as compared to men. So, Cleopatra, perhaps the most powerful woman of her time, was less in status to the Cesar and later Anthony, only because she was a woman. This notion of male superiority is deeply ingrained in the psyche of mankind, and the examples that I have cited are incidents and /or aspects of this phenomena of our societal behaviour in general and of the individual aspects of our domestic existence, in particular. The movement of the American women to shrug off this yoke of subservience to patriarchal hegemony, is typified in the movement of attaining the right of vote for the American women, that on the one hand has challenged centuries old notion of male domination and on the other hand, is a milestone in human history, where the women have fought for what was, and is their inalienable right as human beings__ that of justice and equality with men. The movement of the American women to acquire the right of vote is referred to as the Suffrage movement. The focus of this movement was to get the right to vote for the American women. In words of Jo Freeman: "The Suffrage was not a united movement. It was a coalition of different people and organisations that worked together for a few intense years around the common goal of votes for women." The organisation that headed this movement was the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) under the able leadership of Carrie Chapman Catt. "She

Hamlets Psychological Aspect Essay Example for Free

Hamlets Psychological Aspect Essay I decided to do this research work because I have enjoyed a lot reading this play: Hamlet. The inner motivations and psyche of this character have captured my attention. Therefore, the aim of this research is to depict Hamlet’s attitudes during the play. I will try to approach to his real feelings on life and death taking into consideration what critics and researchers have said about Hamlet. In order to clarify Hamlet’s personality and behaviour, I will provide some aspects of the historical context in which Shakespeare was inspired to write this play, and a brief summary of it to take into account the plot. Finally, I will make a conclusion in which I will try to summarise the most important impressions of this research. Historical Context of the play Shakespeare wrote Hamlet in the last years of the reign of Queen Elizabeth 1, who had been the queen of England more than forty years. As she had no children the question of who would succeed her was a situation that provoked anxiety at that time. Due to this fact, researchers agree that many of Shakespeare’s plays from this period concern transfers of power from one monarch to the next. Another important issue dealt with in his plays is the general sense of anxiety, fear, uncertainty, betrayal and revenge. For instance, Hamlet displays all the themes mentioned above. Shakespeare was able to sum up the most impotant values of the Renaissance. Cultural phenomenon that began in the fifteenth-century and proclaimed the humanism: a new thought that revalued the social and popular aspect of life. People who belonged to the Renaissance period claimed that human beings lived in a world of appearances, in which they tried to hide their realities, that is to say, their deepest desires and what they actually were. Hamlet had to face one of the most difficult realities: injustice. A task that presents a dilemma to him: â€Å"to be or not to be†. While pointing out questions that cannot be answered, the play as a whole chiefly demonstrates the difficulty of knowing the truth about other people: who are guilty or innocent, which their motivations and feelings are. Brief Summary of the play Shakespeare begins the play with the death of the King of Denmark and the possession of the throne by the King’s brother Claudius, instead of the King’s son, that is to say the prince Hamlet, who was supposed to be the next in line. What is more, the new king Claudius suddenly married Gertrude, the dead king’s widow. Thus, the prince Hamlet got depressed by the unexpected situation. One night, Hamlet’s father appears as a ghost to tell Hamlet that he had been murdered by his own brother Claudius, that is to say, Hamlet ´s uncle. In his anger, Hamlet decides to fulfill his father’s request, which is to avenge his death. In order to confirm what the ghost has said, Hamlet organizes a play in which he represents the assessination scene. While the play is being performed, Claudius stands up and goes out feeling guilty. At the moment, Hamlet confirms the truth and discusses the situation with his mother. As Hamlet notices that someone is spying on them behind the curtains, he stabs his sword without checking who this person is. As a result, he kills Polonius, Claudiuss chief councillor. When Ophelia, Polonius ´s daughter, is informed about her fathers death she reacts with madness and eventually falls in a stream and drowns. After that, Laertes, Ophelia’s brother, is told that Hamlet is involved in Polonius’s death and Ophelia’s madness. Therefore, he wants to avenge his father’s and sister’s death trying to eliminate Hamlet. As Claudius promised Laertes to help him with the revenge, they plan to kill Hamlet as if by accident with a poisoned sword in a fencing match. Claudius also plans to offer Hamlet a poisoned drink during the fight. When the fencing contest begins, Hamlet’s mother Gertrude drinks the poisoned drink before Caludius can stop her and she dies. Hamlet turns away and Laertes wounds him with the poisoned sword, but Hamlet goes on fighting. During the struggle, they exchange swords and Hamlet wounds Laertes, who confesses the plan telling Hamlet that he is also sure to die from the effect of the poison. After hearing the truth, Hamlet stabs Claudius with the poisoned sword and forces him to drink the poison, too. Finally, while Hamlet is dying by the effect of the poison, he orders one of his friends called Horatio to tell the terrible story of the happening to everyone.

A Decade Of Conflicts And Child Soldiers Sociology Essay

A Decade Of Conflicts And Child Soldiers Sociology Essay In the past decade due to deadly conflict around the world, children were more and more sacrificed as child soldiers. For the children the world is now more violent and violated place. In the last decade, 2 million children were killed due to conflicts. More than 12 million children were made homeless, while 6 million children have been injured or disabled. It is approximate that another 20 million children have been displaced within the boarders of their own countries. At any given time, children under the age of 18 years who have been forced or encouraged to take up arms as child soldiers is generally in the range of 300,000. Each year 8,000 to 10,000 children become the victims of land mines.  [1]   2. Child soldiers have featured prominently in international and internal conflict in recent years. In one of the most deadly conflicts, children feature most prominently in the terrorist campaign of Sri Lanka Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). They were fighting for an independence separate Tamil mono-ethnic state in north eastern Sri Lanka. They utilized both male and female fighters in guerrilla and terrorist attacks against military, political, economic, religious and cultural targets. 3. After the ethnic riots of Black July in 1983, there was a massive migration of civilian to India. The LTTE leadership decided to establish a training base in India for recruits less than 16 years of age from the civilian who fled to India. Initially the LTTE identified them (child soldiers) as Tiger Cubs. Then they received non-military training, most primary education and physical exercises. In 1984, LTTE changed the name of Tiger Cubs and formed new unit called Baby Brigade . It is nothing but the child soldier unit of LTTE fighting wing. 4. The child fighters were originally a part of the Baby Brigade but later LTTE gradually integrated them with other units to refill the heavy losses. Since April 1995, some 60 percent of LTTE cadres killed in combat were children. Olivichu, the LTTE monthly video release, supports those trends. A study by a United Kingdom based Sri Lankan researcher Dushy Ranatunge reveals that at least 60 percent of the dead LTTE fighters were under 18 years and are mostly girls and boys age in between 10 to 16.  [2]   5. At the time of researching on this topic, the government of Sri Lanka totally sweep away the LTTE. But there are no of war effected children and child soldiers are in IDP camps and rehabilitation centres . CHAPTER 2 METHODOLOGY PREVIEW 1. The aim of this presenting on rehabilitation of child soldiers to help integrate them in to society is to study the factors behind child soldiering, why they became as chilled combatant, the role of international community and the role of Government of Sri Lanka on this and how integrate them back to society. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 2. Most of the countries in the world face this problem due to internal conflicts. When it is studying there are so many reasons behind that. Due to non education and poor family back ground may cause child to joint with some terrorist organization as a chilled combatant. In Sri Lanka resent past LTTE has taken children by force for their terrorist activities. 3. In Sri Lanka though war is over there are number of chilled soldiers in IDP camps. Children make obedient and cheep soldiers capability of imposing terror on civilians and government forces. Child soldiers are forced to fight and are generally illiterate and from poor families. The children survive from combat are often physically injured and psychologically scared. Some of the factors covered as follows. a Who is the child soldier b Reasons behind child to became as soldiers c Child combatant is a biggest problem in the world d It is observed that most of the Asian countries face this problem e In Sri Lanka it is considerable numbers of child soldiers can be seen in the IDP camps f UNO and NGOs role in this issue g How to take them in to society as a normal children. I will society take them in to society as a children. J What are the steps that can be take to rehabilitate them. K Sri Lanka governments role on this issue. THE RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS 4. Due to the war children suffered physically and mentally. As a nation we should take them in to the society same as other children. So that we should establish good environment for them and Sri Lankan government should have a sound national plan for that METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION 5. The methodology adopted in gathering data will be as follows: Extracts from child psychology publications. Extracts from newspapers and reports. Extracts from books published on child soldiering. Interviews and questionnaires. Related web sites of the Internet. Guidance and advice of experts on the subject. CHAPTER3 THE CHILDHOOD DEFINITION OF CHILD 1. According to the 1989, UN CRC, a child means every human being below the age of 18 years, unless under the law applicable in their case, the age of maturity is attained earlier. The age of maturity is a social, religious and cultural or legal device by which societies acknowledge the transition to adulthood and there is no necessary correlation between any of the age levels.  [3]   2. The idea of the child as a person under 18 years of age is widely accepted in international circles, even if a different terminology such as youth or young people may be a better ward to describe those in the crucial 15-18 age bracket whose physical, emotional and intellectual maturity is rapidly developing even as they continue to face certain legal constraints. Clearly, those under 18, no matter their individual capacities, are generally presumed not to appreciate fully the nature and consequences of their action. CHILD HOOD, A POTENTIAL TARGET 3. Although the Convention defined as a child in general as anyone below the age of 18 years, most young combatants are between 15 and 18. A majority of these trained child soldiers were boys, but significant numbers of girls are also engaged. 4. Though child rights activists are campaigning at international, national and local level to rise the age to 18, there is no international organization or mechanism to regulate against guerrilla and terrorist organizations recruiting children to their organizations. BASIC NEEDS OF CHILDREN 5. Their basic human needs of survival and growth to their full potential are largely, if not wholly, dependent for fulfilment, especially in their early years on the willingness and ability of adults to recognize and discharge their obligation to protect them. THE CONVENTION ON RIGHTS OF CHILDREN 6. Today children around the world suffer abuses in many ways. Child soldiering is one such situation. Children were kidnapped or forcibly recruited to many militant organizations to serve as soldiers. They were ill-treated when they were with militant groups. Once they surrender or captured by government forces they were imprisoned in inhuman conditions. Sometimes they were put in cells with adults without considering their rights as children. The Convention on the Right of the Child put childrens rights on the worlds agenda. It is the most widely confirm treaty in the world. Adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on November 20, 1989, the Convention promises children around the world the right to life, liberty, education, and health care. 7. The Convention on the Rights of the child emphasized the importance of a happy childhood and it had been described the Rights of the Child very clearly and most comprehensively in its 54 articles guaranteeing for the first time social and economic as well civil and political rights adding new rights never before recognized. It is said that granting a Child the Right to information and freedom of expression would amount to allowing him/her as well, to decide on the life and organization of the family and society. CHAPTER 4 CHILD SOLDIERS DEFINITION OF CHILD SOLDIER 1. A child soldier is any person under 18 years of age who is a part of any kind of regular or irregular armed force or armed group in any capacity, including but not limited to cooks, porters, messengers and anyone accompanying such groups other than family members.  [4]   REASONS FOR CHILD TO BECOME A CHILD SOLDIER 2. There is a very thin line that separates voluntary from forced recruitment. It is not possible to know exactly at what age a young person is capable of volunteering in the way we accept that of an adult. No one makes a decision in a vacuum and clearly a child can be susceptible to certain types of pressure from certain people and circumstances beyond their control. 3. Although forced recruitment of children is practiced in many countries (Burma, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Angola, Sri Lanka and Sudan), a majority of them are not so much forced. 4. Examining different contexts and taking into account the specific experiences of children will help us to draw a clearer picture of the child soldier in a given conflict. Forced recruitment of children happens because of shortages of adult soldiers, institutionalised discrimination against certain sectors of society, a perceived need to control the population. 5. There are many young people voluntarily join armed groups. In attempting to explain why children join armed groups. We can try to examine the followings:  [5]   a. Trigger factors. These are immediate happening of events, situations or exact reasons that cause a childs participation such as urgent or emergency individual needs or family problems and suggestions and pressure from peers and adults. Their social environment influences childrens subjective understanding of reality and these exert strong pressure on the children. b. Circumstantial factors. These are the complex order of situations or influences existing, occurring in and resulting from the childs significant interactions and relations providing context and history to their involvement and development. It could be a combination of any of the following: experience of neglect and abuse, poor parenting styles and weak family ties, negative experiences in school, etc. c. Contributory factors. These are factors that aggravate the current situation of children and young people in their given localities. These are the social, political, cultural and economic realities in society today such as poverty, social injustice, limited or no access to basic services, militarization of daily life, and structural violence. 6. Children are vulnerable to military recruitment because of their emotional and physical immaturity. They are easily manipulated and can be drawn into violence that they are too young to resist or understand. Technological advances in weaponry and the proliferation of small arms have contributed to the increased use of child soldiers. POVERTY AND FAMILY BACKGROUNG 7. Poverty and lack of schooling are said to be among key causes that draw hundreds of young boys and girls to took up arms in Sri Lankas North East and many are likely to face starvation if they quit the guerrillas.  [6]  If a significant number of child soldiers were indeed released this would augur well for the future. 8. Poverty is the main reason for joining the war. Due to domestic problems especially the financial difficulties, these children were prevented from schooling and were pushed by their own parents to join the LTTE organization. Mostly the children of high society like upper class and upper middle class or middle class are not recruited as child soldiers. Reason was that these families are well educated and guided well these prevailing conditions. TAMIL SOCIO-CULTURAL IDENTITY 9. In 1983 riots Tamil as a group were humiliated, the youths took up arms to prevent complete eclipse of the group identity. Language was the vital element of the Tamil identity. The identity develops from childhood through successive psycho-social stages to culminate in youth.  [7]   10. For younger girls, who experience the wide spread socio- cultural oppression against their sex, it is a means of escape and liberation. In many youngsters political repression, socio economic deprivation, frustration in life and fear of enemy has become prime motives if not compulsions for joining the militants. Another potential factor has been the oppressive Tamil-Hindu society where lower castes were suppressed by the so-called higher castes. For many from the lower castes joining the militants become a way out of this oppressive system. VIOLENCE 11 Laws such as the prevention of Terrorist Act and the Emergency Regulation allow for detention for long periods with out judicial process and sometimes violent act against such detainees. For example Bindunuwewa massacre. The great impact of this kind of structural violence and oppression is on the younger generation. These conditions create a sense of fear and hopelessness 12. Recruitment to the LTTE has remained largely voluntarily earlier. But the majority recruited may be children. LTTE denied that they used child soldiers. Likewise child recruitment by the LTTE was to become institutionalised after 1990. Older men were no longer joining.  [8]  In 1987 the LTTE banned other Tamil militant groups and started using young boys and girls as fighters. IMPACT OF CHILD SOLDIERING TOWARDS CHILDREN 13. War has be fallen a grave impact on a child development on attitudes, beliefs relationships with his countrymen and society, moral ethics and values and the mental framework for understanding society and understanding his own self and life itself. Children represent the future society in which these conflicts are waged but what will be the future and what can be expected from these nations where the horizon is masked by brutality and the youths of future generation are robbed of their golden childhood DIRECT IMPACT 14. Death and injury. a. Child soldiers are being used in more than thirty countries around the world. Children forced to take part in atrocities were often given drugs to overcome their fear or reluctance to fight. Because of their immaturity and lack of experience, child soldiers suffer higher casualties than their adult counterparts. Even after the conflict is over, they may be left physically disabled  [9]   15. Human right abuse. Sri Lanka has traditionally high level of education and training provided for children. But due to the past conflict many displaced children lose key identity document that is their birth certificate. Since birth certificate is an important document in Sri Lanka, displaced children are unable to gain full access to education. Not even that, they will not able to apply to all important national identity card which must be present at every check points and need for day to day work. 16. Displacement. a. Child soldiering and displacement are so integrally related. It demonstrates that it is extremely difficult to separate the impact of conflicts on children from the impact of small arms. Measures to ameliorate one situation often improve the other. b. Former child soldiers are vulnerable to displacement. They cannot simply return to their families and communities, and some families may reject them due to crimes committed and instead they become internally displaced person, refugee or seekers. INDIRECT IMPACT 17. Psychological trauma. a. Children appeared to be much more capable of retuning to normal after stress. But in the long term, when the armed conflicts continues, when no safe and secure not available for children, they may be put under enormous strain. Adults may not easily recognize the long-term responses of children to death, destruction and disruption, as children cannot verbally express their feeling and experiences. The way child react to trauma will depend on his/her age. The response also is influenced by the nature of the trauma. Some common traumatic experiences are separation anxiety, emotional disorders, sleep disturbances, unable to express and release their emotions verbally or otherwise, behaviour changes etc.  [10]   Anti social or psychopathic personalities are characterized by a conspicuous lack of conscience and human sympathy, rejection of social norms, emotional coldness, poor relationship, meaninglessness, cruel, callous and aggressive behaviour and poor impulse control. Delinquents, aggressive and psychopathic personalities may do well in a military set up where their energies and excess aggression can be diverted to national ends and their confinements to the Army proves to be a protection for society. d. Children complained of headaches, dizziness, fainting spells or chest pains with out a few days or months of joining the military movement. They were found to have repressed, separation anxiety for their parents and home or difficulty in adjusting to the rigorous training and militant life. e. The traumatic loss of family members, the experiences of cruelty, atrocity or barbaric behaviour, rarely leave visible scars but the effects are profound. Children may withdrew from contract, some become obsessed with violence or live on feelings of guilt or fantasies of revenge and become preoccupied with their role in past events. 18. Insecurity. a. Child soldiers are essentially displaced. Displacement for these children means insecurity and lack of access to choice, resources and opportunities. As child soldiers who cannot simply go home, it means risk of death, disability and serious psychological trauma. b. The social, psychological, moral and emotional deprivation they suffer, the persistent fear of loosing or the actual loss of parents are as damaging to childhood as being deprived of food, water and health care. They may have no idea that there could be better future. So many child soldiers have grown into adulthood without having known their family for long periods. 19. Culture of violence. a. Exposure of children during their formative years to insecurity, hopelessness, and violent deaths of loved ones as well as other cruel and aggressive acts and to the full paraphernalia of war with its instruments of destruction will permanently influence their development. b. So the delinquency has been found to be a common complication of exposure to war conditions. It is also likely that repeated exposure to violence, a family life ruled by terror and frequent disruption and a society in a continuous state of disequilibrium, where acceptance and praise to given to act of violence and recognition to the instruments of war teaches the child quickly the ways of violence 20. Lost opportunities. a. The presence of these widespread sophisticated weapons can have significant effect on future opportunities for children. The continued presence of these weapons in post conflict societies not only undermines a countrys ability to sustain peace but also represents a major stumbling block to sustainable human development. Children are severely affected by the lack of sustainable developments. b. Spread of two-decade conflict has caused untold suffering to millions of children caught up in armed conflict, not only during the conflict but also for reduction there after. The presence, proliferation and misuse of small weapons and light weapons have a devastating impact on children in conflict and post conflict societies. Cheap, easy to use and widely available these weapons fuel many contemporary conflicts and prolong, spread and deeper the consequences of conflict EFFECTS OF CHILD SOLDERING TOWARDS THE SOCIETY 21. The war has affected the functioning of the family unit in many ways. From the loss of one or both parents, separations particularly the children may it be Sinhalese or Tamil. Our Sri Lankan society is still based on the family. As such, the family tie is destroyed as a result of their child members being used in combat. Therefore, the society with dispersed families is destroyed to a greater extent. 22. The children from their young peer groups are separated by the war. This is what actually expected by the LTTE. Their parents are desolate and helpless and other family members are liable to ill treatment by the security forces. These children are being taught to obey only the LTTE leaders and to ignore the normal law of the country. After joining the organization they were motivated in such a manner that they were anxious to take revenge from the Sri Lankan forces and the Sinhalese people in the South. Most of them did not have any idea about so called independent Tamil state before they joined the organization. But after some times when they were captured only they had realized and understood the real Sinhala soldier and its hospitality and the importance of peace. 23. These children at the beginning, although they join the organization with willingness, face serious mental retardation because they lack the parental love and affection. There is no kind treatment or love from the LTTE organization even they fall sick. They are not treated well but are ill cared. Such treatment has affected the childs mind very badly. 24. Before this LTTE came into being, family setup, the connection between the parents and their children was so much good and it has affected the society very favourably. This has rewarded the society with very decent children. As such small children being taken out of the families, whether forcibly or willingly, have directly affected the families as well a CHAPTER 5 ANALYSIS 1. Mainly the child soldiers are from the Tamil community, especially from the lower castes of oppressed Hindu Tamils. Initially Tamil youths joined the LTTE organization. However, in time the older youths escaped and migrated. Older men were no longer joining. Then the LTTE started using children and women as fighters recruiting them forcibly and willingly after motivated. 2. LTTE organization was one of the most dangerous front line in guerrilla organization in the world. They select children from the poor families, down trodden broken families, families of illiterate parents, and from the families of fallen heroes and families of poverty ridden and the children who are orphaned having lost their elders and relatives. LTTE was fully aware that they are violating child rights but continue to mislead telling that they come to them seeking recruitment. At the some time the LTTE organization terrorized the Tamil community and has laid down an unwritten law to the effect that every family must contribute a child of either sex to the organization.  [11]   3. Children separated from their families become mentally disabled or permanently sick and deprived of earning, food shelter and of family ties and education. Some of them have become drug addicted, violent and criminals. They have become a burden to themselves and to the Tamil society, to the whole country and to the whole world. On the other hand, their old parents neglected and isolated too have become another burden to society along with them. 4. War is the main reason for such a situation. The prime duty of the government, NGOs and the UN is to stop as well as evade children joining the war. Highlighting the violation of childrens rights and as well as a proper and correct rehabilitation while safeguarding the childrens rights. 5. At rehabilitation camps in Sri Lanka more than 100 former Tamil Tiger child soldiers are undergoing a year long rehabilitation course. There are nearly 300 child soldiers are integrate them in to society. Although the camp is surrounded by barbed wire and guarded by the Army, the inmates say the atmosphere inside is more like hostel. Many of them says that the LTTE took them by force.  [12]   CHAPTER 6 RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Education and awareness building are key elements in changing the reintegration of youth into post conflict societies and cultures of violence. Hence, the Government must provide effective programmes that provide peaceful alternatives to counter conflict, violence and crime and eliminate the effects of armed struggle on the psycho-social development of children and their communities. 2. As such the authorities must take action to create secure conditions within which children can be educated and interact socially. The government must spare sufficient amount of money for the development of schools, rebuilding of schools, public libraries, health care facilities, publication of books,and recreational areas as an incentive to develop community peace essential for the well being of children. 3. Government must bring forward an accepted economic plan viable and effective, giving war affected children an opportunity to rehabilitate, to have shelter, food and education by coordinating NGOs, agencies and other donor approaches under a rights based frame-work implimented in order to protect children in futuere conflict. 4. Special attention should be paid by the government to eliminate in future recruitment of children into armed forces and groups by achieving universal ratification and full implementation of the optional Protocol to the Convention on the rights of the child on the involvment of children in armed conflict without reservation and declaration of 18 as the minimum age for voluntary recruitments. 5. Also the Government should legalize the using of children under 18 years in armed conflict as a criminal offence, and must grant refugee status to children under 18 years. 6. Also provide primary health care and rehabilitative care of children with sound health conditions and specially the psychological care and facilitate the fullest possible social integration. 7. The Government should provide emergency relief to rehabilitate the agriculture livestock and fisheries and to re-employ or to employ them on other income generating enterprise to enhance local capacities to improve house hold security on a self-reliant and sustainable basis in the North and East. 8. Also the Government must take steps to start programmes dedicated to family unification for former child soldiers. 9. Prohibiting of the import of arms to groups that use child soldiers as well as eliminating economical assistance to the same should be started by the Government. 11. Provide special care and attention considering the impact of conflicts of children, being victims of the conflict, on girls in particular the specific abuses perpetrated against them, and must take actions immediately to protect the rights of children and the rights of women. 12. The government must facilitate all requirements to eliminate HIV/AIDS infection and other sexually transmitted diseases spread through rape and sexual violence and against girls with children born from rape. 13. Special attention must be taken by the Government to provide successful rehabilitation through social and medical support and counseling, as girls and boys fulfill different roles within the armed groups and also a gender analysis must be included essentially because the girls represent the reproductive force of a damaged community. 14. Government and civil organizations should prioritize protection of unaccompanied or separated girls, for example, organizing special accommodation and safeguards for such female children and others at particular risk of recruitment. 15. The Government should ensure universal birth registration to have everyone a Birth Certificate and in order to prevent recruitment under 18 by default. 16. The Government must ensure speedy registration procedures at Camps and Settlements. 18. Make effort to trace and reconcile former child soldiers with their families, using long-term institutional care only as a last resort. 19. The Government must take early action to restrict civilian possession of military assault-weapons and include restrictions on the age of the user with a minimum age required. 20. The Government should use the Media to give the real picture to the mass by exhibiting how and why these children join the war and by using the electronic media the State must systematically dismantle the structures of discrimination and violence against these young human beings and the Tamil minority, as well. 21 Evan after children leave the rehabilitation center and return to their families should follow the progress of their normal life. Should help them to catch up their missed schooling and should give them a vocational training with the support of NGOs. CONCLUSION 1. The ideological experiment of motivating children as combatants has been a highly successful one. The LTTE has been able to enhance its performance in battle by developing child units, a sizable cadre of the Baby Brigade, were consisting of children in the age group of 7-15 in both sexes. Most of them were recruited not willingly, but being motivated yet not knowing anything of a Separate State. Their performances were high.. 2. The United Nation Organization is the most powerful Organization, which can fund for rehabilitation program. It is only the UNO, which can take stern action against Terrorist organizations for employing children in war. However, Prabakaran has promised when they were fighting to Mr. Olara Otunu, which they will never employ children in war combats in future, they broke the promise in no time, but it seems that UNO has not taken proper action far against this incident. Fact is that, though these NGOs, about 82 in number, talk about the rights of the children does nothing about their rights. Their responsibility is to highlight internationally about the injustice done by the terrorist and avoid such happenings in future. The violations of childrens rights have to be enlightened and they must safeguard the childrens rights as well. A UN Special Envoy Maj Gen Patrick Camert had a visit to Sri Lanka to assess the situation of children affected by the conflict .He paid more attention on re-inte